Interview: Theology Professor tells about cell groups and Sunday schools in Southern Baptist Church by Peter Menkin

We talked by phone of the design of the Southernfrom their local or state networks called associations
Baptist Church, and I note that it is comprised of moreat the area level and conventions of churches at the
classroom and educational setting than worship space.state level. Most of these training events are led by
That isn’t to say worship space is small. We alsowomen and men trained in education ministry and
talked about cell groups, a recent phenomenon ofhuman development at one of the many Southern
Sunday school where people gather to study scriptureBaptist colleges or six Southern Baptist seminaries for
and other related Church matters in a small group,graduate theological education and ministry training.  
sometimes in a home setting.   Will you tell meMost Southern Baptist pastors have a “heart for
something of the beginnings of this “movement”souls” meaning that they believe God’s Spirit
in the Southern Baptist Church, and how it has graspedworks in the hearts of persons who receive a clear
the imagination of Church goers?   Southern Baptistspresentation of God’s love and so are drawn into
were formed in 1845 around values of winning souls,a personal and enduring walk with God.    SBs
educating and training members for effective Christianbelieve that the mission of Jesus as God’s Son
living and service in the US and around the world. Inwas to remove any barrier to relationship with the holy
1909, a man named Arthur Flake was recruited fromand loving God through His sacrifice on the cross
Mississippi to work for the Baptist Sunday Schooloutside Jerusalem 2000 years ago. It is the Spirit’s
Board in Nashville. At that time, there were about awork to make that event current as conviction and
million persons in Southern Baptist Sunday schools. Incommitment in lives today.    Southern Baptists are
forty years, that number would grow to six million andthe most self-critical when it comes to whether or not
well beyond. Some of this growth was due to apeople are being baptized and new churches are
book Flake wrote entitled How to Build a Standardbeing started.         How can a baby go to
Sunday School, which was studied by over a millionSunday School, or a small child? What does this mean
Southern Baptist workers. This book taughtfor the baby or child?   Infants and young children go
Flake’s famous five-fold formula for Sunday schoolto Sunday School as brought by their parents. They
growth:   1) Know the possibilities, 2) Enlarge thelearn experientially that church is a safe, loving and
organization, 3) Enlist and train leaders, 4) Expand theinteresting environment. They hear music and songs
space, and 5) Go after the people. Southern Baptistof Jesus and this lays down a rich positive affective
pastors often recited the Flake mantra that “thememory for their later development as they become
formula works only if you work the formula!”    more abstract thinkers and are able to read and learn
    Who came up with the Cell Sunday School, orin primary school.         The Sunday school is a
small group, and how have Sunday School students oflarge part of Christian life in the Southern Baptist
various ages responded to this?   Can you tell usChurch. Please let us know why is there so much time
where in the Bay Area or even California or the U.S.spent on Biblical study, and how does a child get to be
where this is more popular, and something of theintroduced to the Bible? Can you tell us what you tell
character of the Southern Baptist Church that takesthe Sunday school Ministers what it is in Christian
this methodology of direction.   (I know, methodologyformation that is key to Sunday school for adult
is a big word, so if you want to provide an example todisciples and young people. Tell us, too, what is new in
help take it out of the professional level that only thethe life of young people in their Christian education. I
Sunday School teacher really grasps, please do. Or dounderstand from what I’ve been told this can mean
most Southern Baptists grasp this Small Group or Cellgoing into the world in a missionary way to help others.
Group Sunday School method today?)   SouthernWhat is the lesson here, and what is the need for this
Baptist innovative pastor Ralph Neighbour Jr. firstfor a member in his religious life as a member of the
brought cell groups to the attention of SBCChurch?   One of the more interesting changes that
churches. He studied the tremendous growth of cellis occurring in Sunday School and small group ministry
group churches in Korean and published a book calledamong SBs is the movement, from students to adults,
“Where Do we Go from Here?” He laterto practice “what we preach” by going on
backed away from the argumentative tone of themission locally, regionally, nationally or internationally to
book, which really argued that cell groups and Sundayshow and share the good news.    Teenagers,
school were incompatible in the same church. Hiscollege students and committed adult adults in many
book lays out the principles and best practices forSBC churches regularly build homes and churches, aid
starting and multiplying cell churches.    The attractionat disaster relief sites, conduct training conferences
for Southern Baptists for the cell or small grouprelated to health, life and Scripture, and conduct soccer
method has been fourfold. First, Southern Baptists areand basketball camps.   This has become so
pragmatists and love to look into if not imitateeffective that 80% of all meals cooked at Red Cross
what’s successful. It’s hard to argue with theDisaster Sites are cooked by Southern Baptist
success of the Yoida Full Gospel Church in Seoul,volunteers. In preparation for these mission events, the
Korea with its near 800,000 well disciple members.  volunteers are trained in personal spiritual formation. 
That church is based on cell groups.   Second,  Often called “having a quiet time,” SBs are
Baptists love what’s biblical. They want to betaught and exhorted to spend time with and for God
“New Testament churches.” The cell group oreach day. Many practice the spiritual rule of well
house church appears to be the norm for the spreadknown SB evangelist, Billy Graham, “fifteen minutes
of Christianity in the first century through the ministry ofa day to listen to God (read the Bible), fifteen minutes
the apostles and other early missionaries.   Cellto talk with God (prayer) and fifteen minutes a day to
groups look more like those New Testament housetalk with people about God (gospel evangelism).  
churches than do Sunday School classes on churchBecause SBs believe in regenerate church
property, so many SBC churches are moving in thatmembership (you must have been converted to be a
direction.  Third, buildings cost so it is more costmember) and in priesthood of the believers (all
effective and less limiting to growth to simply havemembers are ministers together), pew sitting in not
cells meet in homes.    Fourth, people wanting toenough. And the key instrument for mobilizing the
explore Christianity are thought to be moremembers into ministry has been the Sunday school.  
comfortable in a home of a friend as opposed to a    What is the role of the Sunday School teacher or
classroom on church property. So many SBC leadersstaff member in the experience of practicing what is
believe that cell or small groups meeting in homes ispreached?   Church leaders, whether Sunday School
the better way of reaching new people with theteachers or staff members, are the early adapters
gospel.         The education of a Southern Baptistand eager interpreters of the Sunday
starts in the baby years, and goes through childhood tosermons. Sometimes the subject of discussion during
adulthood, a Discipleship program of some magnitude inSunday School is the sermon. In those instances the
conception, and thought out in a curriculum and almostteacher leads the members in thinking through the
systematic consideration for periods of humanimplications and applications from the morning
development. So I understand in my conversations withmessage.      About Rick Durst, who answered the
various people in the Church who are knowledgeablequestions in this interview:  
in the training and education of members, including the  Director of eCampus
education of ministers. You educate ministers atProfessor of Historical Theology
Golden Gate Baptist Seminary located just north ofPh.D. Golden Gate Baptist Theological Seminary
San Francisco in Mill Valley.   As one knowledgeableM.Div. Golden Gate Baptist Theological Seminary
in such, will you talk a little in this email correspondenceB.A. California Baptist College Dr. Rodrick Durst has
about how this helps to make Southern Baptists theserved as faculty and administration at Golden Gate
“Sunday School Church,” and talk a little of theBaptist Theological Seminary since 1991. He served
emphasis for each age range in what they study oreleven years as the Vice President of Academic
look to learn about. Please say something of theAffairs and, prior to that, three years as the Director of
Biblical imperative, and the evangelical imperative of thethe Southern California Campus. 
Southern Baptist, if you will.   Southern Baptists (SBs)Dr. Durst loves the classroom. He teaches theology
made their Sunday Schools a center for bothand history from a leadership formation perspective.
evangelism and discipleship and built their campusesHis passion is for developing life-changing ways of
accordingly with educational space for all ages equalcommunicating and teaching Christian truth for
to or greater than worship space.    To assist  thistransformation, retention and rapid reproduction. 
focus of the churches, the Baptist Sunday SchoolHis current research includes study of emerging church
Board (now called LifeWay Resources) publishesmovements, ecclesiology for rapid cell and simple
age-graded Bible teaching literature organized around achurch multiplication, research into a biblical doctrine of
cyclical curriculum to cover the sixty-six books of thethe Trinity, and faith and film. 
Bible over a five year period.    SBs were and areDr. Durst tests what he teaches in his local church and
serious about sharing the gospel and its implicationsin interim pastorates. 
through the Sunday school and small groups. MostHe loves cooking, hiking, and art. He and his wife, Kristi,
Sunday school leaders are trained to be aware ofbelong and serve at BayMarin Community Church
developmental issues at the formative stages of(SBC), San Rafael. The Dursts have three children and
human development and how the gospel andone grandson, Donovan.   (These notations are taken
knowledge of Scripture is best acquired and applied atfrom Golden Gate Baptist Theological Seminary
that stage.    Churches receive coaching and trainingwebsite.